FOOD ALLERGIES

 A food allergy is an abnormal immune system reaction to a food protein that the body mistakenly identifies as harmful. Even a tiny amount of the food can trigger symptoms. 

The most common foods causing allergies (sometimes called the “big 8”) are:

1. Peanuts 
2. Tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, cashews) 
3. Milk 
4. Eggs 
5. Wheat 
6. Soy 
7. Fish 
8. Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster)
9. Other foods, like sesame, certain fruits, and seeds, are also increasingly recognized allergens.

Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Skin reactions: Hives, eczema, itching, swelling 
• Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain 
• Respiratory symptoms: Sneezing, runny nose, wheezing, coughing 
• Cardiovascular symptoms: Dizziness, fainting, rapid heartbeat (in severe cases) 
• Anaphylaxis: A life-threatening reaction causing throat swelling, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure — requires immediate epinephrine and emergency care  

• Medical history & symptom tracking 
• Skin prick testing 
• Blood tests (specific IgE tests) 
• Oral food challenge (under medical supervision)
   

• Read labels carefully: Many packaged foods can contain hidden allergens or cross-contact with allergens. Look for “may contain” or “processed in a facility that also processes” warnings. 
• Know alternative names: Some allergens appear under different names (e.g., casein for milk, albumin for egg). 
• Separate utensils & cooking surfaces: Avoid cross-contact at home or in shared kitchens. 
• Dining out safely: Call ahead, inform staff about the allergy, and ask about ingredients and preparation methods. 

• Epinephrine auto-injector: 
  • Always carry it if prescribed. 
  • Know proper injection technique (outer thigh, hold for ~10 seconds). 
  • Use immediately if signs of anaphylaxis appear (throat swelling, difficulty breathing, dizziness). 
• Action plan: Have a written allergy action plan detailing what to do in case of a reaction. 
• Medical alert identification: Wear a bracelet or necklace indicating your allergy.  

• Oral Immunotherapy (OIT): Gradual introduction of small amounts of the allergen under medical supervision to increase tolerance. 
• Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT): Allergen drops held under the tongue, mostly studied for peanuts and other foods. 
  • Limitations: Not a cure; patients must continue avoidance and carry epinephrine.